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fix: harden unicode safety checks
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@@ -109,14 +109,14 @@ c) 資料保護
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**影響:** 大表上查詢快 100-1000 倍
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```sql
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-- ❌ 錯誤:外鍵沒有索引
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-- FAIL: 錯誤:外鍵沒有索引
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CREATE TABLE orders (
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id bigint PRIMARY KEY,
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customer_id bigint REFERENCES customers(id)
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-- 缺少索引!
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);
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-- ✅ 正確:外鍵有索引
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-- PASS: 正確:外鍵有索引
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CREATE TABLE orders (
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id bigint PRIMARY KEY,
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customer_id bigint REFERENCES customers(id)
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@@ -134,11 +134,11 @@ CREATE INDEX orders_customer_id_idx ON orders (customer_id);
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| **Hash** | 僅等於 | `=`(比 B-tree 略快)|
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```sql
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-- ❌ 錯誤:JSONB 包含用 B-tree
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-- FAIL: 錯誤:JSONB 包含用 B-tree
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CREATE INDEX products_attrs_idx ON products (attributes);
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SELECT * FROM products WHERE attributes @> '{"color": "red"}';
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-- ✅ 正確:JSONB 用 GIN
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-- PASS: 正確:JSONB 用 GIN
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CREATE INDEX products_attrs_idx ON products USING gin (attributes);
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```
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@@ -147,11 +147,11 @@ CREATE INDEX products_attrs_idx ON products USING gin (attributes);
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**影響:** 多欄位查詢快 5-10 倍
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```sql
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-- ❌ 錯誤:分開的索引
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-- FAIL: 錯誤:分開的索引
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CREATE INDEX orders_status_idx ON orders (status);
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CREATE INDEX orders_created_idx ON orders (created_at);
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-- ✅ 正確:複合索引(等於欄位在前,然後範圍)
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-- PASS: 正確:複合索引(等於欄位在前,然後範圍)
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CREATE INDEX orders_status_created_idx ON orders (status, created_at);
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```
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@@ -167,11 +167,11 @@ CREATE INDEX orders_status_created_idx ON orders (status, created_at);
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**影響:** 透過避免表查找,查詢快 2-5 倍
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```sql
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-- ❌ 錯誤:必須從表獲取 name
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-- FAIL: 錯誤:必須從表獲取 name
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CREATE INDEX users_email_idx ON users (email);
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SELECT email, name FROM users WHERE email = 'user@example.com';
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-- ✅ 正確:所有欄位在索引中
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-- PASS: 正確:所有欄位在索引中
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CREATE INDEX users_email_idx ON users (email) INCLUDE (name, created_at);
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```
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@@ -180,10 +180,10 @@ CREATE INDEX users_email_idx ON users (email) INCLUDE (name, created_at);
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**影響:** 索引小 5-20 倍,寫入和查詢更快
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```sql
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-- ❌ 錯誤:完整索引包含已刪除的列
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-- FAIL: 錯誤:完整索引包含已刪除的列
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CREATE INDEX users_email_idx ON users (email);
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-- ✅ 正確:部分索引排除已刪除的列
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-- PASS: 正確:部分索引排除已刪除的列
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CREATE INDEX users_active_email_idx ON users (email) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL;
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```
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@@ -196,11 +196,11 @@ CREATE INDEX users_active_email_idx ON users (email) WHERE deleted_at IS NULL;
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**影響:** 關鍵 - 資料庫強制的租戶隔離
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```sql
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-- ❌ 錯誤:僅應用程式篩選
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-- FAIL: 錯誤:僅應用程式篩選
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SELECT * FROM orders WHERE user_id = $current_user_id;
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-- Bug 意味著所有訂單暴露!
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-- ✅ 正確:資料庫強制的 RLS
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-- PASS: 正確:資料庫強制的 RLS
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ALTER TABLE orders ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
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ALTER TABLE orders FORCE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;
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@@ -220,11 +220,11 @@ CREATE POLICY orders_user_policy ON orders
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**影響:** RLS 查詢快 5-10 倍
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```sql
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-- ❌ 錯誤:每列呼叫一次函式
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-- FAIL: 錯誤:每列呼叫一次函式
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CREATE POLICY orders_policy ON orders
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USING (auth.uid() = user_id); -- 1M 列呼叫 1M 次!
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-- ✅ 正確:包在 SELECT 中(快取,只呼叫一次)
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-- PASS: 正確:包在 SELECT 中(快取,只呼叫一次)
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CREATE POLICY orders_policy ON orders
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USING ((SELECT auth.uid()) = user_id); -- 快 100 倍
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@@ -235,10 +235,10 @@ CREATE INDEX orders_user_id_idx ON orders (user_id);
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### 3. 最小權限存取
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```sql
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-- ❌ 錯誤:過度寬鬆
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-- FAIL: 錯誤:過度寬鬆
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GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON ALL TABLES TO app_user;
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-- ✅ 正確:最小權限
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-- PASS: 正確:最小權限
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CREATE ROLE app_readonly NOLOGIN;
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GRANT USAGE ON SCHEMA public TO app_readonly;
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GRANT SELECT ON public.products, public.categories TO app_readonly;
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@@ -260,36 +260,36 @@ REVOKE ALL ON SCHEMA public FROM public;
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**影響:** 批量插入快 10-50 倍
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```sql
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-- ❌ 錯誤:個別插入
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-- FAIL: 錯誤:個別插入
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INSERT INTO events (user_id, action) VALUES (1, 'click');
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INSERT INTO events (user_id, action) VALUES (2, 'view');
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-- 1000 次往返
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-- ✅ 正確:批次插入
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-- PASS: 正確:批次插入
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INSERT INTO events (user_id, action) VALUES
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(1, 'click'),
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(2, 'view'),
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(3, 'click');
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-- 1 次往返
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-- ✅ 最佳:大資料集用 COPY
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-- PASS: 最佳:大資料集用 COPY
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COPY events (user_id, action) FROM '/path/to/data.csv' WITH (FORMAT csv);
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```
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### 2. 消除 N+1 查詢
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```sql
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-- ❌ 錯誤:N+1 模式
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-- FAIL: 錯誤:N+1 模式
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SELECT id FROM users WHERE active = true; -- 回傳 100 個 IDs
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-- 然後 100 個查詢:
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SELECT * FROM orders WHERE user_id = 1;
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SELECT * FROM orders WHERE user_id = 2;
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-- ... 還有 98 個
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-- ✅ 正確:用 ANY 的單一查詢
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-- PASS: 正確:用 ANY 的單一查詢
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SELECT * FROM orders WHERE user_id = ANY(ARRAY[1, 2, 3, ...]);
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-- ✅ 正確:JOIN
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-- PASS: 正確:JOIN
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SELECT u.id, u.name, o.*
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FROM users u
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LEFT JOIN orders o ON o.user_id = u.id
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@@ -301,11 +301,11 @@ WHERE u.active = true;
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**影響:** 無論頁面深度,一致的 O(1) 效能
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```sql
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-- ❌ 錯誤:OFFSET 隨深度變慢
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-- FAIL: 錯誤:OFFSET 隨深度變慢
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SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id LIMIT 20 OFFSET 199980;
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-- 掃描 200,000 列!
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-- ✅ 正確:游標式(總是快)
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-- PASS: 正確:游標式(總是快)
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SELECT * FROM products WHERE id > 199980 ORDER BY id LIMIT 20;
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-- 使用索引,O(1)
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```
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@@ -313,11 +313,11 @@ SELECT * FROM products WHERE id > 199980 ORDER BY id LIMIT 20;
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### 4. UPSERT 用於插入或更新
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```sql
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-- ❌ 錯誤:競態條件
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-- FAIL: 錯誤:競態條件
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SELECT * FROM settings WHERE user_id = 123 AND key = 'theme';
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-- 兩個執行緒都找不到,都插入,一個失敗
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-- ✅ 正確:原子 UPSERT
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-- PASS: 正確:原子 UPSERT
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INSERT INTO settings (user_id, key, value)
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VALUES (123, 'theme', 'dark')
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ON CONFLICT (user_id, key)
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@@ -329,27 +329,27 @@ RETURNING *;
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## 要標記的反模式
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### ❌ 查詢反模式
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### FAIL: 查詢反模式
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- 生產程式碼中用 `SELECT *`
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- WHERE/JOIN 欄位缺少索引
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- 大表上用 OFFSET 分頁
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- N+1 查詢模式
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- 非參數化查詢(SQL 注入風險)
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### ❌ 結構描述反模式
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### FAIL: 結構描述反模式
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- IDs 用 `int`(應用 `bigint`)
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- 無理由用 `varchar(255)`(應用 `text`)
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- `timestamp` 沒有時區(應用 `timestamptz`)
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- 隨機 UUIDs 作為主鍵(應用 UUIDv7 或 IDENTITY)
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- 需要引號的混合大小寫識別符
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### ❌ 安全性反模式
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### FAIL: 安全性反模式
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- `GRANT ALL` 給應用程式使用者
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- 多租戶表缺少 RLS
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- RLS 政策每列呼叫函式(沒有包在 SELECT 中)
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- RLS 政策欄位沒有索引
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### ❌ 連線反模式
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### FAIL: 連線反模式
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- 沒有連線池
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- 沒有閒置逾時
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- Transaction 模式連線池使用 Prepared statements
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