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docs(zh-CN): sync Chinese docs with latest upstream changes (#304)
* docs(zh-CN): sync Chinese docs with latest upstream changes * update --------- Co-authored-by: neo <neo.dowithless@gmail.com>
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docs/zh-CN/rules/swift/patterns.md
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docs/zh-CN/rules/swift/patterns.md
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---
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paths:
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- "**/*.swift"
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- "**/Package.swift"
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---
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# Swift 模式
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> 此文件使用 Swift 特定内容扩展了 [common/patterns.md](../common/patterns.md)。
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## 面向协议的设计
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定义小型、专注的协议。使用协议扩展来提供共享的默认实现:
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```swift
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protocol Repository: Sendable {
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associatedtype Item: Identifiable & Sendable
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func find(by id: Item.ID) async throws -> Item?
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func save(_ item: Item) async throws
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}
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```
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## 值类型
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* 使用结构体(struct)作为数据传输对象和模型
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* 使用带有关联值的枚举(enum)来建模不同的状态:
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```swift
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enum LoadState<T: Sendable>: Sendable {
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case idle
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case loading
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case loaded(T)
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case failed(Error)
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}
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```
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## Actor 模式
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使用 actor 来处理共享可变状态,而不是锁或调度队列:
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```swift
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actor Cache<Key: Hashable & Sendable, Value: Sendable> {
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private var storage: [Key: Value] = [:]
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func get(_ key: Key) -> Value? { storage[key] }
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func set(_ key: Key, value: Value) { storage[key] = value }
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}
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```
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## 依赖注入
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使用默认参数注入协议 —— 生产环境使用默认值,测试时注入模拟对象:
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```swift
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struct UserService {
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private let repository: any UserRepository
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init(repository: any UserRepository = DefaultUserRepository()) {
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self.repository = repository
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}
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}
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```
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## 参考
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查看技能:`swift-actor-persistence` 以了解基于 actor 的持久化模式。
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查看技能:`swift-protocol-di-testing` 以了解基于协议的依赖注入和测试。
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