docs(zh-CN): sync Chinese docs with latest upstream changes (#304)

* docs(zh-CN): sync Chinese docs with latest upstream changes

* update

---------

Co-authored-by: neo <neo.dowithless@gmail.com>
This commit is contained in:
zdoc.app
2026-03-03 14:28:27 +08:00
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parent adc0f67008
commit ada4cd75a3
114 changed files with 11161 additions and 4790 deletions

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@@ -1,12 +1,23 @@
---
name: springboot-security
description: Java Spring Boot 服务中关于身份验证/授权、验证、CSRF、密钥、标头、速率限制和依赖安全的 Spring Security 最佳实践。
description: Java Spring Boot 服务中证/授权、验证、CSRF、密钥、标头、速率限制和依赖安全的 Spring Security 最佳实践。
origin: ECC
---
# Spring Boot 安全审查
在添加身份验证、处理输入、创建端点或处理密钥时使用。
## 何时激活
* 添加身份验证JWT、OAuth2、基于会话
* 实现授权(@PreAuthorize、基于角色的访问控制)
* 验证用户输入Bean Validation、自定义验证器
* 配置 CORS、CSRF 或安全标头
* 管理密钥Vault、环境变量
* 添加速率限制或暴力破解防护
* 扫描依赖项以查找 CVE
## 身份验证
* 优先使用无状态 JWT 或带有撤销列表的不透明令牌
@@ -42,17 +53,88 @@ public class JwtAuthFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
* 使用 `@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")``@PreAuthorize("@authz.canEdit(#id)")`
* 默认拒绝;仅公开必需的 scope
```java
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/admin")
public class AdminController {
@PreAuthorize("hasRole('ADMIN')")
@GetMapping("/users")
public List<UserDto> listUsers() {
return userService.findAll();
}
@PreAuthorize("@authz.isOwner(#id, authentication)")
@DeleteMapping("/users/{id}")
public ResponseEntity<Void> deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) {
userService.delete(id);
return ResponseEntity.noContent().build();
}
}
```
## 输入验证
* 在控制器上使用带有 `@Valid` 的 Bean 验证
* 在 DTO 上应用约束:`@NotBlank``@Email``@Size`、自定义验证器
* 在渲染之前使用白名单清理任何 HTML
```java
// BAD: No validation
@PostMapping("/users")
public User createUser(@RequestBody UserDto dto) {
return userService.create(dto);
}
// GOOD: Validated DTO
public record CreateUserDto(
@NotBlank @Size(max = 100) String name,
@NotBlank @Email String email,
@NotNull @Min(0) @Max(150) Integer age
) {}
@PostMapping("/users")
public ResponseEntity<UserDto> createUser(@Valid @RequestBody CreateUserDto dto) {
return ResponseEntity.status(HttpStatus.CREATED)
.body(userService.create(dto));
}
```
## SQL 注入预防
* 使用 Spring Data 存储库或参数化查询
* 对于原生查询,使用 `:param` 绑定;切勿拼接字符串
```java
// BAD: String concatenation in native query
@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = '" + name + "'", nativeQuery = true)
// GOOD: Parameterized native query
@Query(value = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = :name", nativeQuery = true)
List<User> findByName(@Param("name") String name);
// GOOD: Spring Data derived query (auto-parameterized)
List<User> findByEmailAndActiveTrue(String email);
```
## 密码编码
* 始终使用 BCrypt 或 Argon2 哈希密码——切勿存储明文
* 使用 `PasswordEncoder` Bean而非手动哈希
```java
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(12); // cost factor 12
}
// In service
public User register(CreateUserDto dto) {
String hashedPassword = passwordEncoder.encode(dto.password());
return userRepository.save(new User(dto.email(), hashedPassword));
}
```
## CSRF 保护
* 对于浏览器会话应用程序,保持 CSRF 启用;在表单/头中包含令牌
@@ -70,6 +152,25 @@ http
* 保持 `application.yml` 不包含凭据;使用占位符
* 定期轮换令牌和数据库凭据
```yaml
# BAD: Hardcoded in application.yml
spring:
datasource:
password: mySecretPassword123
# GOOD: Environment variable placeholder
spring:
datasource:
password: ${DB_PASSWORD}
# GOOD: Spring Cloud Vault integration
spring:
cloud:
vault:
uri: https://vault.example.com
token: ${VAULT_TOKEN}
```
## 安全头
```java
@@ -82,11 +183,63 @@ http
.referrerPolicy(rp -> rp.policy(ReferrerPolicyHeaderWriter.ReferrerPolicy.NO_REFERRER)));
```
## CORS 配置
* 在安全过滤器级别配置 CORS而非按控制器配置
* 限制允许的来源——在生产环境中切勿使用 `*`
```java
@Bean
public CorsConfigurationSource corsConfigurationSource() {
CorsConfiguration config = new CorsConfiguration();
config.setAllowedOrigins(List.of("https://app.example.com"));
config.setAllowedMethods(List.of("GET", "POST", "PUT", "DELETE"));
config.setAllowedHeaders(List.of("Authorization", "Content-Type"));
config.setAllowCredentials(true);
config.setMaxAge(3600L);
UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource();
source.registerCorsConfiguration("/api/**", config);
return source;
}
// In SecurityFilterChain:
http.cors(cors -> cors.configurationSource(corsConfigurationSource()));
```
## 速率限制
* 在昂贵的端点上应用 Bucket4j 或网关级限制
* 记录突发流量并告警;返回 429 并提供重试提示
```java
// Using Bucket4j for per-endpoint rate limiting
@Component
public class RateLimitFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {
private final Map<String, Bucket> buckets = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
private Bucket createBucket() {
return Bucket.builder()
.addLimit(Bandwidth.classic(100, Refill.intervally(100, Duration.ofMinutes(1))))
.build();
}
@Override
protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException {
String clientIp = request.getRemoteAddr();
Bucket bucket = buckets.computeIfAbsent(clientIp, k -> createBucket());
if (bucket.tryConsume(1)) {
chain.doFilter(request, response);
} else {
response.setStatus(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value());
response.getWriter().write("{\"error\": \"Rate limit exceeded\"}");
}
}
}
```
## 依赖项安全
* 在 CI 中运行 OWASP Dependency Check / Snyk