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name, description, origin
| name | description | origin |
|---|---|---|
| ai-regression-testing | AI辅助开发的回归测试策略。沙盒模式API测试,无需依赖数据库,自动化的缺陷检查工作流程,以及捕捉AI盲点的模式,其中同一模型编写和审查代码。 | ECC |
AI 回归测试
专为 AI 辅助开发设计的测试模式,其中同一模型编写代码并审查代码——这会形成系统性的盲点,只有自动化测试才能发现。
何时激活
- AI 代理(Claude Code、Cursor、Codex)已修改 API 路由或后端逻辑
- 发现并修复了一个 bug——需要防止重新引入
- 项目具有沙盒/模拟模式,可用于无需数据库的测试
- 在代码更改后运行
/bug-check或类似的审查命令 - 存在多个代码路径(沙盒与生产环境、功能开关等)
核心问题
当 AI 编写代码然后审查其自身工作时,它会将相同的假设带入这两个步骤。这会形成一个可预测的失败模式:
AI writes fix → AI reviews fix → AI says "looks correct" → Bug still exists
实际示例(在生产环境中观察到):
Fix 1: Added notification_settings to API response
→ Forgot to add it to the SELECT query
→ AI reviewed and missed it (same blind spot)
Fix 2: Added it to SELECT query
→ TypeScript build error (column not in generated types)
→ AI reviewed Fix 1 but didn't catch the SELECT issue
Fix 3: Changed to SELECT *
→ Fixed production path, forgot sandbox path
→ AI reviewed and missed it AGAIN (4th occurrence)
Fix 4: Test caught it instantly on first run ✅
模式:沙盒/生产环境路径不一致是 AI 引入的 #1 回归问题。
沙盒模式 API 测试
大多数具有 AI 友好架构的项目都有一个沙盒/模拟模式。这是实现快速、无需数据库的 API 测试的关键。
设置(Vitest + Next.js App Router)
// vitest.config.ts
import { defineConfig } from "vitest/config";
import path from "path";
export default defineConfig({
test: {
environment: "node",
globals: true,
include: ["__tests__/**/*.test.ts"],
setupFiles: ["__tests__/setup.ts"],
},
resolve: {
alias: {
"@": path.resolve(__dirname, "."),
},
},
});
// __tests__/setup.ts
// Force sandbox mode — no database needed
process.env.SANDBOX_MODE = "true";
process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_URL = "";
process.env.NEXT_PUBLIC_SUPABASE_ANON_KEY = "";
Next.js API 路由的测试辅助工具
// __tests__/helpers.ts
import { NextRequest } from "next/server";
export function createTestRequest(
url: string,
options?: {
method?: string;
body?: Record<string, unknown>;
headers?: Record<string, string>;
sandboxUserId?: string;
},
): NextRequest {
const { method = "GET", body, headers = {}, sandboxUserId } = options || {};
const fullUrl = url.startsWith("http") ? url : `http://localhost:3000${url}`;
const reqHeaders: Record<string, string> = { ...headers };
if (sandboxUserId) {
reqHeaders["x-sandbox-user-id"] = sandboxUserId;
}
const init: { method: string; headers: Record<string, string>; body?: string } = {
method,
headers: reqHeaders,
};
if (body) {
init.body = JSON.stringify(body);
reqHeaders["content-type"] = "application/json";
}
return new NextRequest(fullUrl, init);
}
export async function parseResponse(response: Response) {
const json = await response.json();
return { status: response.status, json };
}
编写回归测试
关键原则:为已发现的 bug 编写测试,而不是为正常工作的代码编写测试。
// __tests__/api/user/profile.test.ts
import { describe, it, expect } from "vitest";
import { createTestRequest, parseResponse } from "../../helpers";
import { GET, PATCH } from "@/app/api/user/profile/route";
// Define the contract — what fields MUST be in the response
const REQUIRED_FIELDS = [
"id",
"email",
"full_name",
"phone",
"role",
"created_at",
"avatar_url",
"notification_settings", // ← Added after bug found it missing
];
describe("GET /api/user/profile", () => {
it("returns all required fields", async () => {
const req = createTestRequest("/api/user/profile");
const res = await GET(req);
const { status, json } = await parseResponse(res);
expect(status).toBe(200);
for (const field of REQUIRED_FIELDS) {
expect(json.data).toHaveProperty(field);
}
});
// Regression test — this exact bug was introduced by AI 4 times
it("notification_settings is not undefined (BUG-R1 regression)", async () => {
const req = createTestRequest("/api/user/profile");
const res = await GET(req);
const { json } = await parseResponse(res);
expect("notification_settings" in json.data).toBe(true);
const ns = json.data.notification_settings;
expect(ns === null || typeof ns === "object").toBe(true);
});
});
测试沙盒/生产环境一致性
最常见的 AI 回归问题:修复了生产环境路径但忘记了沙盒路径(或反之)。
// Test that sandbox responses match the expected contract
describe("GET /api/user/messages (conversation list)", () => {
it("includes partner_name in sandbox mode", async () => {
const req = createTestRequest("/api/user/messages", {
sandboxUserId: "user-001",
});
const res = await GET(req);
const { json } = await parseResponse(res);
// This caught a bug where partner_name was added
// to production path but not sandbox path
if (json.data.length > 0) {
for (const conv of json.data) {
expect("partner_name" in conv).toBe(true);
}
}
});
});
将测试集成到 Bug 检查工作流中
自定义命令定义
<!-- .claude/commands/bug-check.md -->
# Bug 检查
## 步骤 1:自动化测试(强制,不可跳过)
在代码审查前**首先**运行以下命令:
npm run test # Vitest 测试套件
npm run build # TypeScript 类型检查 + 构建
- 如果测试失败 → 报告为最高优先级 Bug
- 如果构建失败 → 将类型错误报告为最高优先级
- 只有在两者都通过后,才能继续到步骤 2
## 步骤 2:代码审查(AI 审查)
1. 沙盒/生产环境路径一致性
2. API 响应结构是否符合前端预期
3. SELECT 子句的完整性
4. 包含回滚的错误处理
5. 乐观更新的竞态条件
## 步骤 3:对于每个修复的 Bug,提出回归测试方案
工作流程
User: "バグチェックして" (or "/bug-check")
│
├─ Step 1: npm run test
│ ├─ FAIL → Bug found mechanically (no AI judgment needed)
│ └─ PASS → Continue
│
├─ Step 2: npm run build
│ ├─ FAIL → Type error found mechanically
│ └─ PASS → Continue
│
├─ Step 3: AI code review (with known blind spots in mind)
│ └─ Findings reported
│
└─ Step 4: For each fix, write a regression test
└─ Next bug-check catches if fix breaks
常见的 AI 回归模式
模式 1:沙盒/生产环境路径不匹配
频率:最常见(在 4 个回归问题中观察到 3 个)
// ❌ AI adds field to production path only
if (isSandboxMode()) {
return { data: { id, email, name } }; // Missing new field
}
// Production path
return { data: { id, email, name, notification_settings } };
// ✅ Both paths must return the same shape
if (isSandboxMode()) {
return { data: { id, email, name, notification_settings: null } };
}
return { data: { id, email, name, notification_settings } };
用于捕获它的测试:
it("sandbox and production return same fields", async () => {
// In test env, sandbox mode is forced ON
const res = await GET(createTestRequest("/api/user/profile"));
const { json } = await parseResponse(res);
for (const field of REQUIRED_FIELDS) {
expect(json.data).toHaveProperty(field);
}
});
模式 2:SELECT 子句遗漏
频率:在使用 Supabase/Prisma 添加新列时常见
// ❌ New column added to response but not to SELECT
const { data } = await supabase
.from("users")
.select("id, email, name") // notification_settings not here
.single();
return { data: { ...data, notification_settings: data.notification_settings } };
// → notification_settings is always undefined
// ✅ Use SELECT * or explicitly include new columns
const { data } = await supabase
.from("users")
.select("*")
.single();
模式 3:错误状态泄漏
频率:中等——当向现有组件添加错误处理时
// ❌ Error state set but old data not cleared
catch (err) {
setError("Failed to load");
// reservations still shows data from previous tab!
}
// ✅ Clear related state on error
catch (err) {
setReservations([]); // Clear stale data
setError("Failed to load");
}
模式 4:乐观更新未正确回滚
// ❌ No rollback on failure
const handleRemove = async (id: string) => {
setItems(prev => prev.filter(i => i.id !== id));
await fetch(`/api/items/${id}`, { method: "DELETE" });
// If API fails, item is gone from UI but still in DB
};
// ✅ Capture previous state and rollback on failure
const handleRemove = async (id: string) => {
const prevItems = [...items];
setItems(prev => prev.filter(i => i.id !== id));
try {
const res = await fetch(`/api/items/${id}`, { method: "DELETE" });
if (!res.ok) throw new Error("API error");
} catch {
setItems(prevItems); // Rollback
alert("削除に失敗しました");
}
};
策略:在发现 Bug 的地方进行测试
不要追求 100% 的覆盖率。相反:
Bug found in /api/user/profile → Write test for profile API
Bug found in /api/user/messages → Write test for messages API
Bug found in /api/user/favorites → Write test for favorites API
No bug in /api/user/notifications → Don't write test (yet)
为什么这在 AI 开发中有效:
- AI 倾向于重复犯同一类错误
- Bug 集中在复杂区域(身份验证、多路径逻辑、状态管理)
- 一旦经过测试,该特定回归问题就不会再次发生
- 测试数量随着 Bug 修复而有机增长——没有浪费精力
快速参考
| AI 回归模式 | 测试策略 | 优先级 |
|---|---|---|
| 沙盒/生产环境不匹配 | 断言沙盒模式下响应结构相同 | 🔴 高 |
| SELECT 子句遗漏 | 断言响应中包含所有必需字段 | 🔴 高 |
| 错误状态泄漏 | 断言出错时状态已清理 | 🟡 中 |
| 缺少回滚 | 断言 API 失败时状态已恢复 | 🟡 中 |
| 类型转换掩盖 null | 断言字段不为 undefined | 🟡 中 |
要 / 不要
要:
- 发现 bug 后立即编写测试(如果可能,在修复之前)
- 测试 API 响应结构,而不是实现细节
- 将运行测试作为每次 bug 检查的第一步
- 保持测试快速(在沙盒模式下总计 < 1 秒)
- 以测试所预防的 bug 来命名测试(例如,"BUG-R1 regression")
不要:
- 为从未出现过 bug 的代码编写测试
- 相信 AI 自我审查可以作为自动化测试的替代品
- 因为“只是模拟数据”而跳过沙盒路径测试
- 在单元测试足够时编写集成测试
- 追求覆盖率百分比——追求回归预防