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275 lines
5.6 KiB
Markdown
275 lines
5.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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description: 为Go强制执行TDD工作流程。首先编写表驱动测试，然后实现。使用go test -cover验证80%以上的覆盖率。
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---
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# Go TDD 命令
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此命令使用惯用的 Go 测试模式，为 Go 代码强制执行测试驱动开发方法。
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## 此命令的作用
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1. **定义类型/接口**：首先搭建函数签名
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2. **编写表驱动测试**：创建全面的测试用例（RED 阶段）
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3. **运行测试**：验证测试因正确原因而失败
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4. **实现代码**：编写最少的代码以通过测试（GREEN 阶段）
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5. **重构**：改进代码，同时保持测试通过
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6. **检查覆盖率**：确保 80% 以上的覆盖率
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## 何时使用
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在以下情况下使用 `/go-test`：
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* 实现新的 Go 函数时
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* 为现有代码添加测试覆盖率时
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* 修复 bug 时（先编写失败的测试）
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* 构建关键业务逻辑时
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* 学习 Go 中的 TDD 工作流程时
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## TDD 循环
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```
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RED → 编写失败的表格驱动测试
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GREEN → 实现最小化代码以通过测试
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REFACTOR → 改进代码，保持测试通过
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REPEAT → 下一个测试用例
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```
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## 示例会话
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````
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用户: /go-test 我需要一个验证电子邮箱地址的函数
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代理:
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# TDD 会话: 电子邮件验证器
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## 步骤 1: 定义接口
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```go
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// validator/email.go
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package validator
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// ValidateEmail 检查给定的字符串是否为有效的电子邮件地址。
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// 如果有效则返回 nil，否则返回描述问题的错误。
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func ValidateEmail(email string) error {
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panic("not implemented")
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}
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```
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## 步骤 2: 编写表驱动测试 (RED)
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```go
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// validator/email_test.go
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package validator
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import (
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"testing"
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)
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func TestValidateEmail(t *testing.T) {
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tests := []struct {
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name string
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email string
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wantErr bool
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}{
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// 有效邮箱
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{"simple email", "user@example.com", false},
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{"with subdomain", "user@mail.example.com", false},
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{"with plus", "user+tag@example.com", false},
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{"with dots", "first.last@example.com", false},
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// 无效邮箱
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{"empty string", "", true},
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{"no at sign", "userexample.com", true},
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{"no domain", "user@", true},
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{"no local part", "@example.com", true},
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{"double at", "user@@example.com", true},
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{"spaces", "user @example.com", true},
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{"no tld", "user@example", true},
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}
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for _, tt := range tests {
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t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
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err := ValidateEmail(tt.email)
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if tt.wantErr && err == nil {
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t.Errorf("ValidateEmail(%q) = nil; want error", tt.email)
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}
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if !tt.wantErr && err != nil {
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t.Errorf("ValidateEmail(%q) = %v; want nil", tt.email, err)
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}
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})
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}
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}
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```
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## 步骤 3: 运行测试 - 验证失败
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```bash
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$ go test ./validator/...
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--- FAIL: TestValidateEmail (0.00s)
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--- FAIL: TestValidateEmail/simple_email (0.00s)
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panic: not implemented
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FAIL
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```
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✓ 测试按预期失败 (panic)。
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## 步骤 4: 实现最小化代码 (GREEN)
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```go
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// validator/email.go
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package validator
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import (
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"errors"
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"regexp"
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)
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var emailRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z0-9._%+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9.-]+\.[a-zA-Z]{2,}$`)
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var (
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ErrEmailEmpty = errors.New("email cannot be empty")
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ErrEmailInvalid = errors.New("email format is invalid")
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)
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func ValidateEmail(email string) error {
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if email == "" {
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return ErrEmailEmpty
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}
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if !emailRegex.MatchString(email) {
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return ErrEmailInvalid
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}
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return nil
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}
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```
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## 步骤 5: 运行测试 - 验证通过
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```bash
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$ go test ./validator/...
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PASS
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ok project/validator 0.003s
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```
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✓ 所有测试通过！
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## 步骤 6: 检查覆盖率
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```bash
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$ go test -cover ./validator/...
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PASS
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coverage: 100.0% of statements
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ok project/validator 0.003s
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```
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✓ 覆盖率: 100%
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## TDD 完成！
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````
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## 测试模式
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### 表驱动测试
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```go
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tests := []struct {
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name string
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input InputType
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want OutputType
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wantErr bool
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}{
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{"case 1", input1, want1, false},
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{"case 2", input2, want2, true},
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}
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for _, tt := range tests {
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t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
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got, err := Function(tt.input)
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// assertions
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})
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}
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```
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### 并行测试
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```go
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for _, tt := range tests {
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tt := tt // Capture
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t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
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t.Parallel()
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// test body
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})
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}
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```
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### 测试辅助函数
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```go
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func setupTestDB(t *testing.T) *sql.DB {
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t.Helper()
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db := createDB()
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t.Cleanup(func() { db.Close() })
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return db
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}
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```
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## 覆盖率命令
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```bash
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# Basic coverage
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go test -cover ./...
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# Coverage profile
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go test -coverprofile=coverage.out ./...
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# View in browser
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go tool cover -html=coverage.out
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# Coverage by function
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go tool cover -func=coverage.out
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# With race detection
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go test -race -cover ./...
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```
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## 覆盖率目标
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| 代码类型 | 目标 |
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|-----------|--------|
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| 关键业务逻辑 | 100% |
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| 公共 API | 90%+ |
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| 通用代码 | 80%+ |
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| 生成的代码 | 排除 |
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## TDD 最佳实践
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**应该做：**
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* 先编写测试，再编写任何实现
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* 每次更改后运行测试
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* 使用表驱动测试以获得全面的覆盖率
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* 测试行为，而非实现细节
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* 包含边界情况（空值、nil、最大值）
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**不应该做：**
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* 在编写测试之前编写实现
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* 跳过 RED 阶段
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* 直接测试私有函数
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* 在测试中使用 `time.Sleep`
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* 忽略不稳定的测试
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## 相关命令
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* `/go-build` - 修复构建错误
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* `/go-review` - 在实现后审查代码
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* `/verify` - 运行完整的验证循环
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## 相关
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* 技能：`skills/golang-testing/`
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* 技能：`skills/tdd-workflow/`
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