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268 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
268 lines
7.6 KiB
Markdown
# Go 微服务 — 项目 CLAUDE.md
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> 一个使用 PostgreSQL、gRPC 和 Docker 的 Go 微服务真实示例。
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> 将此文件复制到您的项目根目录，并根据您的服务进行自定义。
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## 项目概述
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**技术栈:** Go 1.22+, PostgreSQL, gRPC + REST (grpc-gateway), Docker, sqlc (类型安全的 SQL), Wire (依赖注入)
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**架构:** 采用领域、仓库、服务和处理器层的清晰架构。gRPC 作为主要传输方式，REST 网关用于外部客户端。
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## 关键规则
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### Go 规范
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* 遵循 Effective Go 和 Go Code Review Comments 指南
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* 使用 `errors.New` / `fmt.Errorf` 配合 `%w` 进行包装 — 绝不对错误进行字符串匹配
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* 不使用 `init()` 函数 — 在 `main()` 或构造函数中进行显式初始化
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* 没有全局可变状态 — 通过构造函数传递依赖项
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* Context 必须是第一个参数，并在所有层中传播
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### 数据库
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* `queries/` 中的所有查询都使用纯 SQL — sqlc 生成类型安全的 Go 代码
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* 在 `migrations/` 中使用 golang-migrate 进行迁移 — 绝不直接更改数据库
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* 通过 `pgx.Tx` 为多步骤操作使用事务
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* 所有查询必须使用参数化占位符 (`$1`, `$2`) — 绝不使用字符串格式化
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### 错误处理
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* 返回错误，不要 panic — panic 仅用于真正无法恢复的情况
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* 使用上下文包装错误：`fmt.Errorf("creating user: %w", err)`
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* 在 `domain/errors.go` 中定义业务逻辑的哨兵错误
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* 在处理器层将领域错误映射到 gRPC 状态码
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```go
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// Domain layer — sentinel errors
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var (
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ErrUserNotFound = errors.New("user not found")
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ErrEmailTaken = errors.New("email already registered")
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)
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// Handler layer — map to gRPC status
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func toGRPCError(err error) error {
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switch {
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case errors.Is(err, domain.ErrUserNotFound):
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return status.Error(codes.NotFound, err.Error())
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case errors.Is(err, domain.ErrEmailTaken):
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return status.Error(codes.AlreadyExists, err.Error())
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default:
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return status.Error(codes.Internal, "internal error")
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}
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}
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```
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### 代码风格
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* 代码或注释中不使用表情符号
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* 导出的类型和函数必须有文档注释
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* 函数保持在 50 行以内 — 提取辅助函数
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* 对所有具有多个用例的逻辑使用表格驱动测试
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* 对于信号通道，优先使用 `struct{}`，而不是 `bool`
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## 文件结构
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```
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cmd/
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server/
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main.go # 入口点，Wire注入，优雅关闭
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internal/
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domain/ # 业务类型和接口
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user.go # 用户实体和仓库接口
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errors.go # 哨兵错误
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service/ # 业务逻辑
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user_service.go
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user_service_test.go
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repository/ # 数据访问（sqlc生成 + 自定义）
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postgres/
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user_repo.go
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user_repo_test.go # 使用testcontainers的集成测试
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handler/ # gRPC + REST处理程序
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grpc/
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user_handler.go
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rest/
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user_handler.go
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config/ # 配置加载
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config.go
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proto/ # Protobuf定义
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user/v1/
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user.proto
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queries/ # sqlc的SQL查询
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user.sql
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migrations/ # 数据库迁移
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001_create_users.up.sql
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001_create_users.down.sql
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```
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## 关键模式
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### 仓库接口
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```go
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type UserRepository interface {
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Create(ctx context.Context, user *User) error
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FindByID(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) (*User, error)
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FindByEmail(ctx context.Context, email string) (*User, error)
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Update(ctx context.Context, user *User) error
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Delete(ctx context.Context, id uuid.UUID) error
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}
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```
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### 使用依赖注入的服务
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```go
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type UserService struct {
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repo domain.UserRepository
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hasher PasswordHasher
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logger *slog.Logger
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}
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func NewUserService(repo domain.UserRepository, hasher PasswordHasher, logger *slog.Logger) *UserService {
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return &UserService{repo: repo, hasher: hasher, logger: logger}
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}
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func (s *UserService) Create(ctx context.Context, req CreateUserRequest) (*domain.User, error) {
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existing, err := s.repo.FindByEmail(ctx, req.Email)
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if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, domain.ErrUserNotFound) {
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return nil, fmt.Errorf("checking email: %w", err)
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}
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if existing != nil {
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return nil, domain.ErrEmailTaken
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}
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hashed, err := s.hasher.Hash(req.Password)
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if err != nil {
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return nil, fmt.Errorf("hashing password: %w", err)
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}
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user := &domain.User{
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ID: uuid.New(),
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Name: req.Name,
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Email: req.Email,
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Password: hashed,
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}
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if err := s.repo.Create(ctx, user); err != nil {
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return nil, fmt.Errorf("creating user: %w", err)
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}
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return user, nil
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}
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```
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### 表格驱动测试
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```go
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func TestUserService_Create(t *testing.T) {
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tests := []struct {
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name string
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req CreateUserRequest
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setup func(*MockUserRepo)
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wantErr error
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}{
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{
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name: "valid user",
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req: CreateUserRequest{Name: "Alice", Email: "alice@example.com", Password: "secure123"},
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setup: func(m *MockUserRepo) {
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m.On("FindByEmail", mock.Anything, "alice@example.com").Return(nil, domain.ErrUserNotFound)
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m.On("Create", mock.Anything, mock.Anything).Return(nil)
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},
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wantErr: nil,
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},
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{
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name: "duplicate email",
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req: CreateUserRequest{Name: "Alice", Email: "taken@example.com", Password: "secure123"},
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setup: func(m *MockUserRepo) {
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m.On("FindByEmail", mock.Anything, "taken@example.com").Return(&domain.User{}, nil)
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},
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wantErr: domain.ErrEmailTaken,
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},
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}
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for _, tt := range tests {
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t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
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repo := new(MockUserRepo)
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tt.setup(repo)
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svc := NewUserService(repo, &bcryptHasher{}, slog.Default())
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_, err := svc.Create(context.Background(), tt.req)
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if tt.wantErr != nil {
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assert.ErrorIs(t, err, tt.wantErr)
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} else {
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assert.NoError(t, err)
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}
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})
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}
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}
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```
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## 环境变量
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```bash
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# Database
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DATABASE_URL=postgres://user:pass@localhost:5432/myservice?sslmode=disable
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# gRPC
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GRPC_PORT=50051
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REST_PORT=8080
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# Auth
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JWT_SECRET= # Load from vault in production
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TOKEN_EXPIRY=24h
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# Observability
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LOG_LEVEL=info # debug, info, warn, error
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OTEL_ENDPOINT= # OpenTelemetry collector
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```
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## 测试策略
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```bash
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/go-test # TDD workflow for Go
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/go-review # Go-specific code review
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/go-build # Fix build errors
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```
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### 测试命令
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```bash
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# Unit tests (fast, no external deps)
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go test ./internal/... -short -count=1
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# Integration tests (requires Docker for testcontainers)
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go test ./internal/repository/... -count=1 -timeout 120s
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# All tests with coverage
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go test ./... -coverprofile=coverage.out -count=1
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go tool cover -func=coverage.out # summary
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go tool cover -html=coverage.out # browser
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# Race detector
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go test ./... -race -count=1
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```
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## ECC 工作流
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```bash
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# Planning
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/plan "Add rate limiting to user endpoints"
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# Development
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/go-test # TDD with Go-specific patterns
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# Review
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/go-review # Go idioms, error handling, concurrency
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/security-scan # Secrets and vulnerabilities
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# Before merge
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go vet ./...
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staticcheck ./...
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```
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## Git 工作流
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* `feat:` 新功能，`fix:` 错误修复，`refactor:` 代码更改
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* 从 `main` 创建功能分支，需要 PR
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* CI: `go vet`, `staticcheck`, `go test -race`, `golangci-lint`
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* 部署: 在 CI 中构建 Docker 镜像，部署到 Kubernetes
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