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236 lines
5.7 KiB
Markdown
236 lines
5.7 KiB
Markdown
---
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name: springboot-verification
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description: "Spring Boot项目验证循环:构建、静态分析、测试覆盖、安全扫描,以及发布或PR前的差异审查。"
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origin: ECC
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---
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# Spring Boot 验证循环
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在提交 PR 前、重大变更后以及部署前运行。
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## 何时激活
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* 为 Spring Boot 服务开启拉取请求之前
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* 在重大重构或依赖项升级之后
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* 用于暂存或生产环境的部署前验证
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* 运行完整的构建 → 代码检查 → 测试 → 安全扫描流水线
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* 验证测试覆盖率是否满足阈值
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## 阶段 1:构建
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```bash
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mvn -T 4 clean verify -DskipTests
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# or
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./gradlew clean assemble -x test
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```
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如果构建失败,停止并修复。
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## 阶段 2:静态分析
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Maven(常用插件):
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```bash
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mvn -T 4 spotbugs:check pmd:check checkstyle:check
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```
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Gradle(如果已配置):
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```bash
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./gradlew checkstyleMain pmdMain spotbugsMain
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```
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## 阶段 3:测试 + 覆盖率
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```bash
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mvn -T 4 test
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mvn jacoco:report # verify 80%+ coverage
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# or
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./gradlew test jacocoTestReport
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```
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报告:
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* 总测试数,通过/失败
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* 覆盖率百分比(行/分支)
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### 单元测试
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使用模拟的依赖项来隔离测试服务逻辑:
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```java
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@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
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class UserServiceTest {
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@Mock private UserRepository userRepository;
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@InjectMocks private UserService userService;
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@Test
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void createUser_validInput_returnsUser() {
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var dto = new CreateUserDto("Alice", "alice@example.com");
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var expected = new User(1L, "Alice", "alice@example.com");
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when(userRepository.save(any(User.class))).thenReturn(expected);
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var result = userService.create(dto);
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assertThat(result.name()).isEqualTo("Alice");
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verify(userRepository).save(any(User.class));
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}
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@Test
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void createUser_duplicateEmail_throwsException() {
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var dto = new CreateUserDto("Alice", "existing@example.com");
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when(userRepository.existsByEmail(dto.email())).thenReturn(true);
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assertThatThrownBy(() -> userService.create(dto))
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.isInstanceOf(DuplicateEmailException.class);
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}
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}
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```
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### 使用 Testcontainers 进行集成测试
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针对真实数据库(而非 H2)进行测试:
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```java
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@SpringBootTest
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@Testcontainers
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class UserRepositoryIntegrationTest {
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@Container
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static PostgreSQLContainer<?> postgres = new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:16-alpine")
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.withDatabaseName("testdb");
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@DynamicPropertySource
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static void configureProperties(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
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registry.add("spring.datasource.url", postgres::getJdbcUrl);
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registry.add("spring.datasource.username", postgres::getUsername);
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registry.add("spring.datasource.password", postgres::getPassword);
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}
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@Autowired private UserRepository userRepository;
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@Test
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void findByEmail_existingUser_returnsUser() {
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userRepository.save(new User("Alice", "alice@example.com"));
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var found = userRepository.findByEmail("alice@example.com");
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assertThat(found).isPresent();
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assertThat(found.get().getName()).isEqualTo("Alice");
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}
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}
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```
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### 使用 MockMvc 进行 API 测试
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在完整的 Spring 上下文中测试控制器层:
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```java
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@WebMvcTest(UserController.class)
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class UserControllerTest {
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@Autowired private MockMvc mockMvc;
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@MockBean private UserService userService;
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@Test
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void createUser_validInput_returns201() throws Exception {
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var user = new UserDto(1L, "Alice", "alice@example.com");
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when(userService.create(any())).thenReturn(user);
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mockMvc.perform(post("/api/users")
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.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
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.content("""
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{"name": "Alice", "email": "alice@example.com"}
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"""))
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.andExpect(status().isCreated())
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.andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("Alice"));
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}
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@Test
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void createUser_invalidEmail_returns400() throws Exception {
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mockMvc.perform(post("/api/users")
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.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
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.content("""
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{"name": "Alice", "email": "not-an-email"}
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"""))
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.andExpect(status().isBadRequest());
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}
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}
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```
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## 阶段 4:安全扫描
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```bash
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# Dependency CVEs
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mvn org.owasp:dependency-check-maven:check
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# or
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./gradlew dependencyCheckAnalyze
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# Secrets in source
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grep -rn "password\s*=\s*\"" src/ --include="*.java" --include="*.yml" --include="*.properties"
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grep -rn "sk-\|api_key\|secret" src/ --include="*.java" --include="*.yml"
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# Secrets (git history)
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git secrets --scan # if configured
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```
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### 常见安全发现
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```
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# 检查 System.out.println(应使用日志记录器)
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grep -rn "System\.out\.print" src/main/ --include="*.java"
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# 检查响应中的原始异常消息
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grep -rn "e\.getMessage()" src/main/ --include="*.java"
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# 检查通配符 CORS 配置
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grep -rn "allowedOrigins.*\*" src/main/ --include="*.java"
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```
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## 阶段 5:代码检查/格式化(可选关卡)
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```bash
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mvn spotless:apply # if using Spotless plugin
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./gradlew spotlessApply
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```
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## 阶段 6:差异审查
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```bash
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git diff --stat
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git diff
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```
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检查清单:
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* 没有遗留调试日志(`System.out`、`log.debug` 没有防护)
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* 有意义的错误信息和 HTTP 状态码
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* 在需要的地方有事务和验证
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* 配置变更已记录
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## 输出模板
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```
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验证报告
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===================
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构建: [通过/失败]
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静态分析: [通过/失败] (spotbugs/pmd/checkstyle)
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测试: [通过/失败] (X/Y 通过, Z% 覆盖率)
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安全性: [通过/失败] (CVE 发现数: N)
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差异: [X 个文件变更]
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总体: [就绪 / 未就绪]
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待修复问题:
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1. ...
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2. ...
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```
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## 持续模式
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* 在重大变更时或长时间会话中每 30–60 分钟重新运行各阶段
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* 保持短循环:`mvn -T 4 test` + spotbugs 以获取快速反馈
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**记住**:快速反馈胜过意外惊喜。保持关卡严格——将警告视为生产系统中的缺陷。
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